• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1. A DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A BACKPRESSED GLASS SHEET, containing a bar with balanced levers on it, at one end of which are mounted suspension blocks with glass grips, and on the other - counterweights, t and l and e rant e with , in order to improve the quality of bending, each equal. The pry bar is mounted across the bar. 2. The device according to claim 1, in accordance with the fact that each balancing lever is made with a supporting prism rigidly attached to the rod. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting prism is arranged to rotate around a vertical axis relative to the rod. 4. Device on PP. 1-3, characterized in that the suspension is made in the form of a hook with a ball at the upper end, which is included in a cup-shaped bearing, tightly inserted in § (Y) lever arm. / 5. Device according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that, in order to limit the rotation of the balancing lever, it is provided with a brace located over one arm of the lever and rigidly attached to the rod.
    公开号:SU1120922A3
    申请号:SU792858652
    申请日:1979-12-10
    公开日:1984-10-23
    发明作者:Артур Бреретон Пол
    申请人:Триплекс Сейфти Глас Компани Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to the application of construction and building materials, in particular to the glass industry, to devices for capturing and making curved sheet stilla.
    The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a device for the manufacture of curved glass 10 sheet, containing a rod with balancing levers on it, at one end of each of which are mounted suspension units with clips for glass, and on the other counterweights lj. 15
    In the known device, the grips exert an end or 6oj5OBoe tension on a flat glass sheet acting in the plane of the glass in order to maintain the sheet of a flat 20 KIM, and it is impossible to obtain a curved glass sheet.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of bending.
    The goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for the manufacture of a curved glass sheet containing a rod with balancing levers on it, at one end of each of which are mounted suspension blocks with ZO grips for glass, and on the other counterweight, each balancing lever is mounted across the rod .
    It is advisable to perform each balancing lever with a support, a rigid plate attached to the rod.
    In this case, the reference prism is made with the possibility of rotation around a vertical axis relative to the rod.
    The suspension can be made in the form of a hook with a ball at the upper end that fits into a cup-shaped bearing tightly inserted into the lever arm. To limit the rotation of the balancing lever, it is advisable to equip the device with a bracket located on top of one lever arm and rigidly attached to the rod .
    FIG. 1 shows schematically a device, a vertical section, in FIG. 2 - thin glass sheet, suspended against a number of suspension units with grippers, front view | in fig. 3one of a series of hanger suspension assemblies, front view, partial section} of 55 in FIG. 4 is a section A-A in FIG. 3 in FIG. 5 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 2 (the first suspension unit of the gripper and grippers, solid lines show the position of the glass sheet with the bracket and the grippers when the sheet is flat, and the broken lines indicate the position of the sheet, grippers and the bracket when the sheet is bent) i in FIG. 6 is a view along arrow B in FIG. 2 (second suspension assembly)} in FIG. 7 is a view along arrow G in FIG. 2 (third hitch suspension assembly)} in FIG. .8 is a variant of the suspension assembly, side view in FIG. 9 is a front view of an apparatus for making a curved glass sheet, a partial section {in FIG. 10 same, side view.
    The device can be applied in a vertically installed form.
    The vertical furnace 1 has side walls 2 and crinkles 3, made of ordinary refractory material. The bottom of the furnace has an elongated hole 4 in the base 5, on which it is installed on the furnace. A movable damper of known construction (not shown) is provided for closing the opening.
    A soda-lime glass sheet 6, which should be bent to a curved shape corresponding to the windshield of a motor vehicle, is cut to the required shape (FIG. 2), the cut edges are aligned and then hung against the rail 7 with the grippers using six nodes 8 of the suspension on the grips which are located on rail 7 and one apart from the other at a given distance symmetrically three times on each side of the rail rack with grippers. Each suspension assembly on the grippers has a bracket 9 for a pair of grippers 10 clamping the upper edge of the glass sheet 6 into a row of clamps 11-16, spaced from one another along the upper edge of the glass sheet. The pairs of grippers 10 are of conventional construction and snap into place with the weight of sheet 6 of glass sandwiched between the gripping points.
    The rail 7 with clamps is suspended against a conventional hoist (not shown) and moves on vertical guide rails 17, which extend downward from the furnace to lower and raise the rail 7 with the hooks.
    On the path of the glass sheet, when it leaves the furnace after heating to the bending temperature, there is a pair of bending punch 18. The holes are installed in the bending chamber 19 heated by a hot gas that enters the chambers through pipelines 20. The internal cavity of the chamber 19 and the bending The punches 18 must have the same temperature as the hot glass sheet 6 at the entrance to the chamber 19. The punches 18 are mounted on the frames 21 and correspond to the curvature of the surfaces of the glass sheet 6 immediately after they are opened. The rail 7 with grippers is installed in such a way that its center lies in the vertical central plane of symmetry of the poins, the central line of the suspended glass sheet also lies in this plane. An outlet 22 in the heated bending chamber 19 leads to an additional heating chamber 23 mounted under the floor of the chamber 19. Electric heaters 24 are mounted on the walls of the chamber 23, facing the surfaces of the curved glass sheet as it leaves the bend chamber 19. The leading rails 17 pass downward through the additional heating chamber 23 and during passage and downward through the chamber 23 the curved glass sheet is heated throughout its thickness to a temperature exceeding its bending temperature before cooling the glass by contacting its surfaces with a cooling medium. The running rails 17 run downwards to exit 25 in the floor of the additional heating chamber 23 in the direction of the top-open rectangular tank 26, which contains a cooling medium, which is the heater layer 27 of pieces of refractory material, for example Y-alumina or trihydrate aluminum, which is maintained in a calm, evenly expanded fluidized state of the pieces by uniformly blowing gas from the microporous membrane 28 installed across the base of the reservoir 26 above the discharge chamber 29, The fluidizing gas is supplied. The container 26 is mounted on the table 30 in the form of a lifting scissors and lowered to load and unload the processed glass sheet. The six points 11-16 of the clamps are precisely located at the points on the upper edge 24 of the glass sheet and, as shown, are installed symmetrically three on each side of center line of glass sheet. Nodes B of the grips are similarly, symmetrically, located on the cusp of the central line of the glass sheet. Each of the nodes 8 of the arms of the arms has a point of suspension, against which its bracket 9 is suspended. On the left side of the glass sheet (Fig. 2) there are a number of six points 31-36 of suspension, three on each side of the center line of the glass sheet . All points, the suspensions are movable in the vertical direction, have counterweights and are adjustable in position across the glass sheet. Points 32 and 35 of the suspension may have limited vertical movement. In a preferred embodiment, the suspension points are so positioned relative to the slats with the grippers that the bracket and the grips suspended against each of the suspension points have a small angle with the vertical, for example, Yu or less. The design of all suspension units is the same. The rail 7 is a solid beam and for each suspension assembly it has two openings through which bolts 37 and 38 pass. The lower ends of the bolts are screwed into the locking blocks 39 and 40 below the surface of the rail base. The locking blocks 39 and 40 slides in the keyway 41 are rectangular in shape. The suspension unit has flanges 42 on the top edge that are reinforced around the side surfaces of the rail 7. When the locking blocks 39 and 40 are loosened by loosening the bolts 37 and 38, the position of the suspension unit on the rail 7 can be adjusted parallel to the rail by sliding the suspension unit relative to the locking blocks 39 and 40. When the desired position is reached, the bolts 37 and 38 are tightened and the locking blocks secure the suspension unit at the top against the bottom surface of the grip rail 7. A transverse unit 43 is welded to the bottom surface of the suspension unit, forming a keyway 44 with a lower opening in which a locking block 45 has a foot 46 protruding through the open bottom of the unit 43. The bridge part 47 of an inverted V-shape has a transverse 511 part 48, which is made with a recess for receiving the leg 46 of the block 45 and is held in relation to the block 45 by a bolt 49 screwed into the central hole of the block 45, the cross piece 48 is capable of rotating relative to the locking block 45 and block 43. The position of the locking block 45 in block 43 and the angular position of the cross member 48 relative to block 43 are fixed by tightening the bolt 49. Bridge detail 47 has two legs 50 and 51 with grooves near their lower ends, in which the support 52 is fixed, projected through the bottom of two legs 50 and 51 and which is fastened to these legs with bolts 53. The support part has knife edges 54 and 55, the legs in legs 50 and 51 are between legs 50 and 51 between flanges 56 and 57 and legs 51 and 59 are flanged to the center of the support part. 5 2, the retaining element 60 is attached. A lever 61 is mounted on the support. The lever is a machined unit of rectangular section and has a circular hole 62 extending from the wall to the wall, a cylindrical V-shaped bearing 63 welded into the rotor bearing 64, which installs lever 61 on a support formed by two knife edges 54 and 55. Knife edges 54 and 55 are fixed in bearing 64 on each side of the lever. A mounting plate 65 is welded to the top of the lever 61 above the bearing part 63. By rotating the bridge part 47, the support rotates relative to the rail with grippers to rotate the lever around the vertical axis. At one end of the lever 61, there is a suspension point 31 for the bracket 9. The suspension point is defined by a dome-shaped bearing 66 fixed in the hole 67, passing down through the lever. At the bottom of the bearing 66 there is a tapered bore 68, flow rate downward. The bend for bracket 9 contains a twisted wire cable 69 with a chopped ball 70 mounted in a dome bearing 66. The upper end of the cable 69 is firmly held in the clamp 15 against which the ball 70 rotates. The lower end of the cable is attached to the upper end 71 hook assembly, at the lower end 2 of which there is a hook-72, on which the claws 10 are suspended. Application. a flexible cable hanger 69 and a tapered bore 68 open downward provide a substantially unlimited movement of the arm 9 relative to the lever 61 inside the conical angle of the hole 68. The counterweight 73 is suspended against the other arm of the lever 61. A through-shaped hole is formed at the other end of the lever and contains the upper part 74 of the bearing and the lower conical part 75, which diverges from the bottom. The supporting device comprises a circular base 76 attached to the bottom of the rod 77 and is suspended against this end of the lever 61 with the aid of The flexible suspension includes a short wire twisted in the form of a cable 78, the lower end of which is fixed to the upper end of the rod 77 by a root screw 79, and the upper end carries a cable 80, which rests against the end head 81 on the cable 78. The ball 80 rests on a conical the support surface 82 at the bottom of the upper part 74 of the hole passing through the lever. A hole 83 is drilled in the rod 77, extending upward from the bottom and holding element 60, attach-to. It is attached to the support part 52, with the upward end 84 extending over which there is an opening 83. The element 60 serves to hold the supporting device and its weights, if the cable for supporting the supporting device is not used. Weights 85 that have radial slots (can run around cable 78) transfer their load to carrier 76, 77 to determine the size of the counterweight. When assembling the suspension assembly, a bracket 9 for grips with a domed bearing 66 is screwed onto cable 69 and fixed into hole 67 by passing the cable through slot 86, cut through at the end of the lever, and then bearing 66 is pressed into hole 67. Similarly, suspension cable 78 passes for a counterweight through a slit 87 cut through at the other end of the lever entering hole 74, 75. When assembling the suspension unit and installing it with the grippers, before clamping the glass sheet with grippers, the lever 61 is pulled downwards by the counterweight, rotation is limited by plate 65 against flanges 57 and 59.
    By loosening the bolts 37, 38 and 49, you can find the exact position of point 31 of the suspension. This suspension point is considered as the point where the ball 70 enters the neck of the opening 68 I Adjustment is carried out by sliding the block on the locking blocks 39 and 40, sliding the slide 45 in the keyway 44 and, if necessary, turning the transverse part 48 around the bolt 49. When the point 31 of the suspension is in the required position relative to the slats with clamps, the bolts 37, 38 and 49 tighten
    The third, fourth and sixth suspension units with points 33, 34 and 36 of the suspension are identical to the described node, and the turning limits of the lever 61 are determined by the plate 65 on the flanges 57, 59 or 56, 58 of the legs of the bridge supporting the support. The points 32 and 35 of the suspension, however, are fixed by limiting the rotational movement of the lever arm 61 carrying the point of suspension.
    The locking devices include a removable yoke 88 of an inverted Y-shape (shown by dotted lines, in Fig. 5). This yoke is mounted above the lever arm bearing the turning points 32 and 35 and fastens to the bolts 53 fixing the position of the support part 52. The bottom surface of the upper transverse part of the yoke 88 has a knife face 89 acting as a stopper preventing narzshnoe rotation of the lever arm bearing point of suspension. The counterweight 73 supports the lever arm in the plate against the knife edge 89, thereby fixing the position of points 32 and 35, respectively.
    Changes in the length of cable 69 and bracket 71 are necessary to adapt the top edge of the glass sheet to the shape. The third and fourth suspension units are attached to the rail with the grippers with their points 33 and 34 of the suspension behind sheet 6, and their counterweights are in front of the sheet. The fixed suspension assemblies, namely the second and fifth, are adjusted in such a way that their suspension points 32 and 35 are immediately behind sheet 6, and their counterweights are in front of the sheet.
    The magnitude and direction of the individual force applied to flat foxes
    The glass at each of the points 11 and 16 of the clamp is determined by the weight of the brackets and grippers, the positions of the suspension points 31 and 36 relative to the points 11 and 16 of the clamp, the weight of the counterweights of the loose suspension assembly. The weight of the counterweight of each loose assembly of the suspension determines the vertical component of the force applied to the clamping point belonging to this suspension assembly. As a freely suspended hot glass sheet approaches a predetermined curved shape, the positions of the clamp points relative to the suspension points change and the magnitudes and directions of forces applied to the glass at the clamp points also change during the period of the shape change of the glass. This means that the influence of the common: the system of forces acting on a sheet of glass as the sheet shape changes, decreases as the sheet approaches a predetermined curved shape.
    When the rail 7 rotates with the claws or when the vertical plane is curved by a small amount, it is. An example caused by some vertical movement of suspension points compensates for the vertical movement of suspension points 31, 33 and 34 due to the rotation of the levers, balanced by counterweights carrying these suspension points, so that virtually each of the clamp points continues to act on the glass sheet one and the other. same power Thus, the glass suspension is effectively disconnected from the movements of the slats with grips, caused, for example, by rotation or curvature of the slats.
    Since the suspension point in each node of the suspension, namely the point 31 of the first node, the points 55 and 54 of application of force, and the point at which the counterweight 73 is suspended, is located on the other arm of the lever on a straight line, an equilibrium with the glass is established. This means that if the angle of the lever 61 changes due to movement of the rod with a protrusion due to bending or sagging, or due to glass moving during bending from a flat to a curvilinear state, the vertical force acting on the glass at the points clamping is not changed.
    The device works as follows.  When installed, the glass sheet is heated to the molding temperature, which in this embodiment is the bending temperature during manufacture.  For example, to bend and strengthen glass sheet with a thickness of 2.3 mm, the temperature must be flexible. 550-650 0.  Usually maintain the temperature of the flexible glass with a thickness of 2.3 m 600 ° C.  ,, V,.  Bending punch 18 in bending jtaMepe 19 is maintained at bending temperature, after the heated glass sheet is bent in the punch it opens and the heated glass sheet suspended from the pads is lowered through an additional heating chamber 23 into the fluidized bed of cooling medium in the tank 26.  In the preheating chamber 23, a hot-bent glass sheet is heated from bending temperature to quenching temperature, which is in the range of 620-720 ° C.  For a 2.3 mm thick glass sheet that is bent at a flexible temperature of 600 ° C, the tempering temperature, to which the sheet is heated as it passes down into the additional heating chamber 23, may be 650 ° C.  The quenching temperature value depends on the magnitude of the stresses that occur in the glass.  After bending and strengthening the glass, the nnd sheet is suspended in the fluidized bed where it occurs. cooling to such an extent that it can be taken by hand.  After that, it is removed from the layer and the mold is controlled according to a pattern with respect to the bending or under bending of the upper edge of the sheet.  If there is a bend in the upper edge of the sheet, then the suspension points 31-36 are moved closer to the bar with the grippers.  If there is an insufficient bending of the upper edge, then the points 31-36 of the suspensions of the grippers are positioned so that they are located a little further from the rod with the grippers.  When the appropriate position is reached to obtain approximately a predetermined shape of the top edge of the sheet by repeating glass sheet processing and adjustments, the lower edge is monitored.  If the bottom edge is bent, points 11-16 of the grippers, as well as points 31-36 of the suspension, can be moved further to the lateral sides of the glass and / or counterweights can be adjusted to reduce the weight of the glass sheet coming to the grips suspended at points 33 and FOR, as well as to increase the weight that falls on the outer grippers, which are suspended at points 31 and 36.  If the bottom edge of the glass sheet is under-bended, the points of the grippers and suspension can be displaced several times towards the center of the glass, or the weight distribution should be changed by adjusting the counterweight to increase the weight that comes to the grips suspended at points 33 and 34, also with the aim of reducing weight, the arrival of the spike on the outer grippers.  These operations are then repeated until the bottom edge has approximately the correct shape.  , After that, the upper edge is re-checked, a small adjustment can be made by moving some or all of the points 31-36 of the suspension towards the rod with the grips or away from it in the direction for correcting the deviations found.  These stages are repeated in a predetermined sequence, while the glass sheet in the bent state does not acquire approximately the correct shapes of the upper and lower edges.  The glass sheet is then inspected to ensure that there is no thickening and thinning of the upper edge of the glass sheet between the clamping points.  Such undesirable phenomena may occur during the heating of the glass sheet in the furnace 1, and they are not removed during bending in the bending die.  Some thickening of the upper edge of a curved glass sheet can be corrected by some adjustment of the positions of the clamp points, as well as the suspension points, as described for correcting the lower edge.  However, if the adjustments to correct the lower edge have already been made, it is more acceptable to correct the convexities of the upper edge by adjusting the inclination of the claws and brackets relative to the vertical (Fig. 2).  This increases the tension of the upper KfOMKK sheet to a sufficient degree.  Some thinning of the upper crown can be corrected by making the same adjustments as described when correcting the underburden of the lower edge.  If such adjustments of the positions of the clamping points and the suspension points relative to the center of the glass or adjusting the weight distribution are unacceptable, then adjust the inclinations of the brackets and grippers relative to the vertical (Fig.  2) to reduce the tension or create a sufficient compression in the upper edge of the sheet.  Thus, a bending punch is used to obtain a predetermined curvature of the glass sheet, which, after successive processing and heating in an additional heating and tempering furnace, acquires the final necessary shape when the glass is cooled to the ambient temperature.  Curved glass becomes partially exposed to the forces applied to it, with its additional heating to a quenching temperature that exceeds the bending temperature.  For example, a glass sheet may to some extent be subject to the influence of weight forces, which tend to change its shape relative to bending.  Therefore, the residual forces that are still applied to the glass at the points of the clip must be reduced so that they are opposed to any tendency of the sheet to deform from the said curved shape under the force of gravity.  The initial adjustment of the clamping points relative to the suspension points is taken into account in such a way that the components of the horizontal force acting on the clamping points of both the tangential and normally curved glass sheet resist any tendency of the suspended sheet to bend under the force of gravity.  Therefore, the residual forces acting on the glass at the points of the clip contribute to the total force acting on the glass after the bending is completed, ensuring that the bent sheet takes the final necessary shape after it is quenched and cooled to ambient temperature.  When the specified setting of the clamping points and suspension points relative to the bar with grippers is achieved, then the positions of the suspension points relative to the clamping points with which they are connected by corresponding flexible coupling brackets and grippers are such that the forces fitted to the upper edge of the flat glass 6 at points 11-16 of the clamp, have vertical components when they act in the plane of the sheet 6, and they perceive the weight of the sheet, and also have horizontal components acting in the plane of the sheet to maintain Smooth curvature of the sheet, in particular its upper edge, while the sheet is heated and then bent.  The relative positions of the suspension points 31 and the clamp points 11 on the flat sheet 6 are such that the out-of-plane force acting on the curved sheet in each clip is small when the bending punch is open.  These small forces continue to act on the freely suspended heated curved glass sheet, which is in the deformed state of the scientific research institute, and it is lowered through the additional preheating chamber 23 into the fluidized bed 27.  At the same time, the times out are such that they are curved. the sheet is quenched and cooled to ambient temperature in the fluidized bed.  The glass sheet takes its final curved shape, and the glass is cooled to such an extent that with a further decrease in temperature, no additional shape change occurs.  Thus, it amounted to force outside the plane. are part of a general system of forces that acts on glass during its processing, and its strength is such that the glass undergoes deformation under the action of individual forces applied to it at the points of the clamp; moreover, it is affected by bending moments arising in glass sheet under the influence of gravity.  The flat glass sheet 6 is made of sodium silicate glass, has a width of 703 mm between the upper corners and 645 mm in height on the center line 90.  L st has a thickness of 2.3 mm and a weight of 5 kg.  The lifting scissors table 30 is lowered, the rod 7 with clamps is also lowered to the bottom of the guide rail 17, and the upper edge of the glass sheet 6 is clamped by six pairs of grippers 10.  The positions of the suspension points 31-36 are changed by adjusting the suspension assemblies in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the clamping nodes on the clamping rod.  Debugging is carried out by successive approximations described in section.  Example.  The suspension points 31 and 36 are located at a distance of 716 mm from either side of the plane and at a distance of 87 mm in front of the plane.  The bracket length from the suspension points 31 and 36 to the clip points 11 and 16 is 660 mm.  The suspension points 32 and 35 are located at a distance of 459 mm on either side of the plane and are immediately below the longitudinal center line of the clamping rod 7.  The bracket length from the points 31 and 35 of the suspension to the points 12 and 15 of the clip is.  590 mm. Points 33 and 34 of the suspension are located at a distance of 243 mm from either side of the plane.  The length of the bracket from points 33 and 35 of the suspension to points 13 and.  14 of the clip is 550 mm. The position of the points 11-16 of the clip can be expressed by their distance in the horizontal direction from the vertical centerline 90 of the glass plate, which is located in the vertical central plane of symmetry of the clamp bar, as well as in the vertical Central plane of symmetry bending punch 18.  Clamping points 11 and 16 are at a distance from either side of the center line 90, clamp points 12 and 15 are located at a distance of 414 mm from either side of the center line 90, and points 13 and 14 of the clamp are at a distance of 143 mm from any side of the center line 90.  With this adjustment, the flat glass sheet 6 hangs freely.  All brackets of the first, second, p, and sixth. suspension nodes are initially tilted slightly, their angle to the vertical (FIG.  2).  Kronsh1 214 the theins and grips of the third and fourth suspension units are initially upright (front view) and tilted at a slight angle to the vertical (side view). The brackets and clips of the third and fourth suspension nodes are tilted inward towards the center line 90 under an angle of 8.5 to the vertical (FIG.  2), and also tilted back at an angle of 7.2 to the vertical (FIG.  five).  The brackets and clips of the second and fifth suspension units are inclined inward toward the center line of the 90th leaf sheet at an angle of 4.4 to the vertical (FIG.  2), and also tilted forward at an angle of 0.4 to the vertical (FIG.  6).  The brackets and clips of the third and fourth suspension units are inclined forward at an angle of 3.3 to the vertical (FIG.  7).  The counterweights 73 of the second and the second suspension units are loaded in such a way as to support the arms of the arms supporting points 32 and 35 of the suspension in contact with the edges of the knife 89 of the clamps 88 which are fixed over the arms 61 of these suspension nodes.  The individual selection of the magnitude and directions of each force applied at the clamping point causes the flat glass sheet, under the action of these forces, to tend to a given shape and deforms to some extent, taking a curved shape when the stress in the sheet is removed.  Thereafter, the elevator is operated to lift the suspended glass sheet into the furnace 1, in which the temperature is maintained at 850 ° C.  The glass sheet is rapidly heated to a bending temperature which is close to the softening point, preferably up to 550-650 ° C, e.g.  When the glass is softened in the furnace, the internal force in its upper edge counteracts any tendency of the upper edge of the sheet to undergo deformation by swelling or thinning between the clip points.  The general system of forces acting on the glass sheet, when it begins to soften, allows a freely suspended heated glass sheet to assume a predetermined curvilinear shape, since the magnitudes and directions of the forces change as the shape of the glass changes.  When the lateral areas of the sheet begin to move forward, the central part of the sheet is simultaneously moved backward, as the brackets and clips begin to rotate at their points of suspension to their final positions.  The principle of flexible suspension brackets and clips in the ball points of the suspension (FIG.  and 4) freely allows the magnitude and direction of forces to be changed. During uniform heating of the glass sheet in the furnace to the required bending temperature, it assumes an intermediate smooth curvilinear shape.  Thereafter, the flap behind the opening 4 is opened, and the heated molded glass sheet is lowered by the elevator to the position between the open bending punch.  The stamp is closed with a partially molded sheet, bending it to a predetermined curved shape.  After a predetermined residence time in the closed die 18, which, since it is preformed, is relatively short, for example 0.5-2 seconds, the die is removed and the heated curvilinear glass sheet hangs freely between the die and the die.  With this glass, the sheet is at a flexible temperature, e.g. 600 ° C.  The final positions of the brackets and clips suspended at the suspension points 31, 32, 35 and 36 are shown in FIG.  5 and 6 stroke faces.  At points 33 and 34 of the suspension there are no noticeable deviations of the brackets and clips from their inclined positions (FIG.  7).  After bending, the brackets and clips of the first and sixth suspension units are inclined inward toward the center line 90 at an angle of 9.5 to the vertical, the increase in angle is also inclined backwards at an angle of 2.8 ° to the vertical, at an angle of deviation of 4.4. to the vertical (FIG.  five).  After bending the sheet, the brackets and clips of the second and fifth knots under the weights are inclined inwards towards the center line 90 of the glass line at an angle of 5.3, the angle increases to 0.9, and also remains inclined forward at an angle of 0.4 to the vertical. bending the sheet; the brackets and clips of the third and fourth suspension assemblies remain upright when turned (e front and deflected back at an angle of 1.04 to the vertical, the deviation from the vertical is 2.3 (fig.  7).  A freely suspended glass sheet is lowered through the additional preheating chamber 23 and enters the fluidized bed 27 of the quenching vessel 26, which then rises with the table 30 to the position shown in FIG.  1, this occurs when the upper part of the container 26 is open, which is located directly below the outlet 25 of the additional heating chamber 23.  The heating elements 24 in the chamber 23 are adjusted so that the freely suspended glass sheet is heated throughout its thickness from a bending temperature of about 600 ° C to a higher quenching temperature.  Over the height of the sheet, a temperature gradient is formed by adjusting the speed of the pd lift, thus accelerating the sheet when it is lowered through chamber 23 to such an extent that its lower edge temperature is 665 ° C and the upper edge temperature when it passes through exit 25 into the fluidized bed 27 .  The glass sheet is quenched in a suspended layer of particles when it enters the horizontal surface of layer 27, and reinforcing stresses occur in glass during rapid cooling by suspended particles, which maintain a suitable quenching temperature, for example 60-80 ° C.  With the rapid cooling of the glass, it is hardened sufficiently to prevent any subsequent changes in the shape caused by residuals. force at the clamping points, although some changes in the shape and / or position of the suspended heated sheet may last for such a period of time as is necessary to cool the curved glass sheet to ambient temperature.  The glass sheet remains in the fluidized bed 27 until its temperature approaches the bed temperature, at which time subsequent changes in the sheet shape caused by different shrinkage when the sheet is cooled to ambient temperature, cause the sheet to take on the final, predetermined curvilinear The shape of the front window of the car.  The initial relative adjustments of the suspension points and the clamp points are adjusted in accordance with the continuous change in the shape of the heated sheet after the matrix is opened and before the sheet hardens, small changes in shape during the final cooling and shrinking of the sheet disappear, as well as temperature gradients over the sheet. TonovHHe sheet arising during quenching, while the glass acquires reinforcing stresses. .  In the manufacture of the tempered curved glass sheet, the container 26 is not lifted, and the heated curved sheet is suspended in the surrounding air under the chamber for additional heating, while cooling it to a temperature of around.  The sheet hangs in the furnace 1 until its temperature reaches 600 ° C, then it bends at a bending temperature of about 600 ° C in a bending punch 18.  After passing through the additional heating chamber at a constant speed, the sheet temperature reaches 630 ° C.  At the same time, the temperature gradient in the height of the sheet does not occur.  After the sheet becomes sufficiently rigid and the composition of residual forces ceases to influence it, no further significant change in its shape occurs when cooled to a temperature at which it can be manipulated.  Instead of a fluidized bed, an appropriate liquid medium can be used as a cooling medium, for example, light mineral oil or mineral oil containing in the order of high-boiling fractions with a small amount of low-boiling additives, for example toluene.  According to the embodiment of the pod assembly shown in FIG. 9, the pivot bearing bracket 91 is attached to the rod 7 with clips, it has a pivoting support arm 92, on which a support prism 93 with a sharp edge is mounted.  Lever 94 rests on a jumper 95 located on support 96, having the shape of an inverted U, and which sits on edge 93.  An adjustable counterweight 97 is screwed onto the threaded rod 98, mounted on one end of the lever 94.  The other end of the lever 94 has a groove 99 in which the installation pad too is hardened with a steel pin, and whose tip forms the suspension unit 31 for the bracket and clamp.  The block 100 has a threaded central hole through which the shaft 101 passes, it is cutting.  The lever 94 has an outer end flange 102 with a hole for the passage of one end of the shaft 101, which is fixed by a ring 103.  The end of the shaft 101. protruding beyond the flange 102 has a head 104 for which it is possible to rotate the shaft with a tool, and thus expose the position of the pivot point 31 of the suspension relative to the reference prism 93.  The inner end of the shaft has a sleeve 105 which rotates freely in the support hole of the lever.  The suspension assembly also contains a bracket designed to grip a conventional design.  Chronitein 106 has an earring 107 shaped like an elongated rectangular frame.  The upper part of the frame 108 carries a support block 109 made of hardened steel, the lower surface of the block has a conical bearing recess 110, which lies at the turning point 31.  The frame of the bracket contains a massive lower part 111, in which there is a central hole through which the rod 1 12 of the bracket passes, fixed by nuts.  The lower end of the arm stem has a hook for fitting the hooks in the same way as shown in FIG.  4 and 5.  Suspension of the bracket and clamps using a conical bearing undercut 110 lying at point 31 allows the bracket to deflect relative to the lever arm 94 at a large angle to align with the required inclination of the line of connection between the pivot point and the clamp point on the glass when the flat glass the sheet is suspended on the grippers.  This allows the bracket and hooks to easily deflect. A different angle when changing the glass sheet during its heating.  In the suspension assembly, the support prism 93 is located above the line connecting the pivot point 31 of the suspension to the center of gravity of the counterweight 97.  This is a self-aligning unit, if too much force acts on the glass, causing the clamp to move upwards, then this movement in itself causes the force acting on the glass, which reduces it.  Glass can only be suspended on adjustable suspension assemblies of the type shown in FIG.  8, without the lever of those suspension assemblies that are mounted on the rod with clamps.  A variant of the device is shown in FIG.  9 and 10, where the moving parts of the bending dies intended to bend glass sheet and strengthen the bent sheet by blowing with cooling air are schematically represented.  This unit can be used, for example, for bending and strengthening car glasses, i. e.  frontal, side and rear windows, as well as for bending and strengthening other products, such as aircraft glass. The assembly includes an element 18 for loading and unloading, located at the floor level, an electric furnace 114 installed below the floor level, an element 115 for bending, located above the furnace 114 and at the side of the place for loading and unloading, and also the place 116 where the reinforcement is made, located above the place 115 for bending.  Installations 115 for bending and 116.  The reinforcements are enclosed in a housing in the form of a tower 117, which is located above the furnace.  A glass sheet 6 to be flexed by a predetermined curvature for a windshield of a car is cut according to a predetermined shape, as shown in FIG.  9 and 10, the edges are smoothed and after that the glass is pushed onto the rod 7 with grippers on four suspension nodes 8, which are located in predetermined positions on the gripper bars, so that the two suspension nodes 8 are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the vertical central plane of symmetry rods with grippers, as well as glass sheet 6, when it hangs on the clips 10, which are suspended on the brackets 9 on the nodes 8 of the suspension.  The rod 7 with clamps is suspended on a carriage 118, which moves along rails 119 extending from installation 113 DL1 of loading and unloading to installation 115 for bending.  The rails 119 have rotatable sections in the installation 115 for bending.  B the beginning of the operation of bending and strengthening of a conventional type bending stamp 18 installed in an installation of $ 115 is in the retracted position (Fig.  ten).  When the carriage 118 reaches a central position between the retracted bending die 18 relative to the vertical plane of symmetry of the rod 7 with the grippers and the glass sheet 6 coinciding with the central vertical plane of symmetry of the bending die 18, it engages with the grippers 120 of the elevator.  The grippers 120 are suspended on a beam 121 of a hoist that moves along vertical rails 122 in the tower 117, lifts on the cables, 123 of the lifting mechanism that are screwed onto the lifting drums 124 mounted on top of the tower 117.  Drums 124 have conventional hydraulic control.  The lifter lifts 120 raise the trolley 118 from the rails 119, and the rotary sections of the rails 119 in the installation 115 turn for bending, allowing the trolley 118c to be suspended and lowered by the sheet 6 to be raised and lowered in the flexible installation.  After that, the flaps 125 open at the entrance to the furnace and the lifting mechanism lowers the cables 123 with the rod 7 with the grips to the entrance of the furnace 114 (Fig.  9).  Glass sheet 6 remains in the furnace 114 for a time sufficient to heat the sheet to a temperature of, for example, 670 s, t. e.  . slightly higher than the set temperature are flexible, for example 650s.  When the glass sheet is softened, the horizontal forces acting on the glass at the points of the clamp, as well as the forces of gravity acting on the sheet, make it slightly curved, taking a shape that is approximately average relative to the desired final curvilinear shape.  When the glass is heated, the entrance to the furnace opens and the heated sheet rises from the furnace 114 to the position between the matrix and the punch 18 in the installation 115 for bending.  The bending die 18 is closed with a partially curved sheet, ensuring that it is given a predetermined shape corresponding to the adjacent surfaces of the die and the punch 18.  The stamp is opened when the sheet takes a predetermined shape, and the stresses during bending essentially disappear.  The lifting mechanism is again actuated, raising the heated curved sheet to the upper position (Fig. 9) where it is suspended between the moving return and progressively blower frames 126 in the blowing unit 116.  When the cooling air blows out of the moving reciprocating blowing frames 126, the sheet surfaces, reinforcing stresses appear in it.  In the process of strengthening the rod 7 with the clamps, the clamps 10 themselves and the curved sheet are pressed by the reinforcing wire.  The system of dynamic forces continues to act on the clamping points on a freely suspended curved sheet during its ascent to the hardening point 116 when cooling starts with cooling air, with separate forces acting at the clamping points along with the sheet gravity forces.  It is such an effect that a freely supplied curved sheet takes on a predetermined spinner shape during its cooling until hardening; this shape is final when it is further cooled to ambient temperature.  The period from the opening of the punch to the moment when the glass becomes hard is short compared with the same period of time determining the quenching process in the fluidized bed.  Since the bending die is relatively cold in the device shown in FIG.  9 and 10, the glass sheet is usually heated to a higher temperature, for example 670 ° C, whereby the glass is hot enough after bending to provide the desired stresses that occur in it during the quenching process between the blasting frames.   The elapsed time, if the glass is at a higher temperature, for example, 670 ° C while blowing, is longer if the glass has a higher temperature, for example, the preheating temperature in the additional heater 650 ° C.  This is significant when the glass sheet is in the device. (FIG.  9 and 10) is suspended, in order to determine the magnitudes and directions of force applied at the clamping points 11-14, first of all, so that the ability to achieve a given glass shape just before closing the punch with the suspended glass sheet, in particular to avoid local deformations, such as thinning or thickening of the upper edge of the glass between the grips.  These local deformations are difficult to correct even by applying a bending punch.  Thus, after opening the punch, small residual forces may occur that adversely affect the glass.  However, this is permissible because this period of time is short and some small changes in shape can be allowed when designing the surfaces of a bending matrix with a given curvature.  The predetermined curvilinear shape that the heated suspended glass sheet assumes before being placed in the matrix should preferably be soft and smooth, but the glass must sufficiently accurately match the shape of the surfaces of the bending punch so that the glass sheet can be bent quickly to the minimum punch shape time lapse in the process of stamping.  After the cooling process has been completed, the air supply to the blower frames 126 is stopped and the lifting mechanism is again activated to lower the bent and reinforced sheet to the position shown in the bending installation 115, where the sheet is suspended between the pushed back matrix and the punch 18.  The rotary sections of the rails are rotated back to the position coinciding with the rails extending from the installation 113 for loading and unloading, and these sections of the rails accept the trolley 118c of the grippers 120 of the lifting device.  After that, the carriage 118 moves back to the installation 113, where the curved and reinforced sheet is removed from the grippers 10, and the next flat sheet is machined in its place.  The flat glass sheet 6 is a 1380 mm wide sodium silicate glass between the upper i corners and the height of 548 mm along the central line 90.  The sheet has a thickness of 3.0 mm and a weight of 5.24 kg.  Two outer suspension assemblies having points 32 and 2; the suspensions are attached to the clamps 88, and their counterweights 73 are such that the levers 61 are kept in tight contact with the knives of their sulfur. zhk.  Adjustments by successive approximations are carried out to determine the best positions of the suspension points and the clamp points.  Since the bending die 18 is not heated, the final curvilinear shape of the cooled glass sheet after quenching deviates from the curved shape of the sheet that rises from the bending die to the reinforcement 116.  The device can also be used in continuous multi-stage bending in stamping and strengthening, when several glasses are in the installation at the same time, each in a different state as they are moved from the loading unit to the next unloading unit.  In both installations, uninterrupted and stepwise (FIG.  9 and 10) - the horizontal movement of the glass sheet is carried out, and the suspension system according to the invention has the advantage in the process of these movements, since they are horizontal.  oscillations of the glass sheet are perceived by the suspension assemblies and any pecking of the clamp points on the glass is eliminated.  The invention can be used to process glass sheets of any thickness and size, for example, all types of automobiles of the front, side and rear windows.  These glasses have a thickness of 1.5-6 mm depending on their location on the vehicle or on the composition of the glass coating.  The invention may also be used to process curved wall sheets for other purposes, for example, for windows and other architectural purposes in buildings, as well as for windows in other vehicles, such as trains, ships, airplanes.  The weight of the windshield is about 12 kg with a thickness of 6 mm, and glass with a thickness of 4 mm can weigh about 9 kg, with a thickness of 3 mm the weight of the glass can be 6.75 kg.  For each glass thickness of comparable shape, it is obtained that the adjustment of the clamping points on the glass relative to the suspension points is essentially the same.  The system is balanced by using lighter or heavier counterweights to provide a predetermined weight distribution of the glass between the suspension assemblies.  Reinforced or tempered glass can be used as coated windshield components for automobiles.  For example, the outer layer of windshield laminated glass can be released, and the inner layer can be thermally hardened.  The reinforced sheet and the released one are matched to the given frame, since the method of hanging the heated curved sheet ensures that the sheets are matched and there are no problems with the coating.  You can make a series of reinforced sheets that follow a series of sheets that have been released, you can also marry two incompatible sheets from the foot to join, and you can also take two loose curved sheets together and join them together.  Finally, it is possible to produce two tempered sheets, connecting them together by bending in a suspended form.  When the bent sheet is quenched in a cooling medium, for example in a fluidized bed (Fig.  1) the initial quenching step can be carried out by blowing cooling air on both surfaces of the glass sheet, which is additionally heated, when it passes between the lower part of the additional heating chamber 23 and the upper part of the container 27, in which the sheet quenches the fluidized bed.  This one. The pre-hardening stage prepares the surface of the heated glass sheet before it is immersed in the layer of suspended particles and also plays the role of the initial cooling. By the "top glass", therefore, when 2511 glass enters the fluidized bed, temperature gradients already extend from the center of the sheet to surfaces.  If the glass sheet has a simple curvature shape with sharp bends, then a given curved shape can be achieved without using a bending punch.  The change in the shape of the glass sheet is effected by
    the general system of forces acting on it, including local forces, on the action of the stamp at this stage of the process. 2 26 on the clamping points. as well as the strength of the body. In another treatment process according to the invention, the suspended glass sheet assumes a predetermined curved shape, and the bending die can be used not to further change the shape, but to be attached to the glass to make sure that each curved sheet corresponds to
    thirty
    1
    37

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    I I

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    66
    fm
    & ud5
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     6
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING A BENDED GLASS SHEET, containing a rod with balancing levers on it, at one end of each of which suspension blocks with glass grips are fixed, and on the other - counterweights, which is compatible with the fact that , in order to improve the quality of bending, each equation. The swinging arm is mounted across the boom.
    [2]
    2. The device according to π. 1, which includes the fact that each balancing lever is made with a support prism rigidly attached to the rod.
    [3]
    3. The device according to p. 1, characterized in that the reference prism is made to rotate around a vertical axis relative to the rod.
    [4]
    4. The device according to paragraphs. 1-3, characterized in that the suspension is made in the form of a hook with a ball at the upper end included in a bowl-shaped bearing tightly inserted into the lever arm. . · §
    [5]
    5. The device according to paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that, in order to limit the rotation of the balancing lever, it is equipped with a bracket located on top of one shoulder of the lever and rigidly attached to the rod.
    SU <„, 1120922
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU1120922A3|1984-10-23|Device for manufacturing bent glass sheet
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    US3136618A|1964-06-09|Method of bending glass sheets
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    GB2038312A|1980-07-23|Producing glass sheets of required curved shape
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CS212249B2|1982-03-26|
    NO147415C|1983-04-06|
    IE49121B1|1985-08-07|
    FR2444010B1|1982-12-03|
    FI793870A|1980-06-12|
    ZA796581B|1981-07-29|
    FR2444010A1|1980-07-11|
    NZ192314A|1983-09-02|
    DD147660A5|1981-04-15|
    IL58908D0|1980-03-31|
    DE2949559C2|1988-02-25|
    GR74049B|1984-06-06|
    ES8106118A1|1981-07-16|
    DK526979A|1980-06-12|
    ZW24179A1|1981-07-01|
    AU5351079A|1980-06-19|
    AU526687B2|1983-01-27|
    IT1119967B|1986-03-19|
    NO793987L|1980-06-12|
    LU81972A1|1980-04-22|
    US4283216A|1981-08-11|
    IT7969371D0|1979-12-10|
    CA1124522A|1982-06-01|
    PT70563A|1980-01-01|
    PL220317A1|1980-09-08|
    ES493411A0|1981-07-16|
    AR224383A1|1981-11-30|
    FI65767B|1984-03-30|
    IN152100B|1983-10-15|
    HU178771B|1982-06-28|
    ES486789A0|1980-12-01|
    SU1179918A3|1985-09-15|
    BE880547A|1980-06-11|
    PL123577B1|1982-10-30|
    SE437510B|1985-03-04|
    RO79615A|1982-12-06|
    FI65767C|1984-07-10|
    SE7910154L|1980-06-12|
    NL7908752A|1980-06-13|
    BR7908041A|1980-07-22|
    IE792304L|1980-06-11|
    ES8101025A1|1980-12-01|
    JPS5580731A|1980-06-18|
    DE2949559A1|1980-10-30|
    NO147415B|1982-12-27|
    TR20968A|1983-03-07|
    JPS6222931B2|1987-05-20|
    YU301479A|1983-01-21|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB7847920|1978-12-11|
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